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Umberto Eco OMRI (; born 5 January 1932) is an Italian semiotician, essayist, philosopher, literary critic, and novelist. He is best known for his groundbreaking 1980 historical mystery novel ''Il nome della rosa'' (''The Name of the Rose''), an intellectual mystery combining semiotics in fiction, biblical analysis, medieval studies and literary theory. He has since written other novels, including ''Il pendolo di Foucault'' (''Foucault's Pendulum'') and ''L'isola del giorno prima'' (''The Island of the Day Before''). His novel ''Il cimitero di Praga'' (''The Prague Cemetery''), released in 2010, was a best-seller. Eco has also written academic texts, children's books and essays. He is founder of the ''Dipartimento di Comunicazione'' (Department of Media Studies) at the University of the Republic of San Marino, President of the ''Scuola Superiore di Studi Umanistici'' (Graduate School for the Study of the Humanities), University of Bologna, member of the Accademia dei Lincei (since November 2010), and an Honorary Fellow of Kellogg College, University of Oxford. ==Biography== Eco was born in the city of Alessandria, in the region of Piedmont in northern Italy. His father, Giulio, one of thirteen children, was an accountant before the government called him to serve in three wars. During World War II, Umberto and his mother Giovanna moved to a small village in the Piedmontese mountainside. Eco received a Salesian education and has made references to the order and its founder in his works and interviews. His family name is supposedly an acronym of ''ex caelis oblatus'' (from Latin: a gift from the heavens), which was given to his grandfather (a foundling) by a city official. Umberto's father urged him to become a lawyer, but he entered the University of Turin to take up medieval philosophy and literature, writing his thesis on Thomas Aquinas and earning a Laurea degree in philosophy in 1954. During his university studies, Eco stopped believing in God and left the Roman Catholic Church. After that, Eco worked as a cultural editor for the state broadcasting station Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI) and lectured at the University of Turin (1956–1964). A group of avant-garde artists, painters, musicians, writers, whom he had befriended at RAI (Gruppo 63), became an important and influential component in Eco's writing career. This was especially true after the publication of his first book in 1956, ''Il problema estetico in San Tommaso'', which was an extension of his Laurea thesis. This also marked the beginning of his lecturing career at his alma mater. In September 1962, he married Renate Ramge, a German art teacher with whom he has a son and a daughter. He divides his time between an apartment in Milan and a vacation house near Urbino. He has a 30,000 volume library in the former and a 20,000 volume library in the latter. He was a visiting professor at Columbia University several times in the 1980s and 1990s. In 1992–1993 Eco was the Norton professor at Harvard University. On May 8, 1993, Eco received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters (D.H.L.) from Indiana University Bloomington in recognition of his over fifteen-year association with the university's Research Center for Language and Semiotic Studies. Six books that were authored, co-authored, or co-edited by Eco were published by the Indiana University Press. Additionally, he frequently collaborated with his friend Thomas Sebeok, noted semiotician and Distinguished Professor of Linguistics at Indiana University. On May 23, 2002, Eco received an honorary Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.) from Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. In 2009, the University of Belgrade in Serbia awarded him an honorary doctorate. Eco is a member of the Italian skeptic organization ''Comitato Italiano per il Controllo delle Affermazioni sulle Pseudoscienze'' (Italian Committee for the Investigation of Claims of the Pseudoscience) CICAP. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Umberto Eco」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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